SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Luke Harding</title>

</head>

Luke Harding

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a British journalist. For the Australian linguist, see <a href="Luke_Harding_(linguist)" title="Luke Harding (linguist)">Luke Harding (linguist)</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Luke Harding</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">21 April 1968 (1968-04-21) (age 57) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> (United Kingdom)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="University_College%2C_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College, Oxford</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalist</a>, <a href="Writer" title="Writer">writer</a>, foreign correspondent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (1996–)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Mafia_State_(book)" title="Mafia State (book)">Mafia State</a>, <a href="The_Snowden_Files" title="The Snowden Files">The Snowden Files</a>, <a href="WikiLeaks%3A_Inside_Julian_Assange's_War_on_Secrecy" title="WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy">WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>James Cameron Memorial Trust Award (2014)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"></td></tr></tbody></table>

Luke Daniel Harding (born 21 April 1968) is a British journalist who is a <a href="Foreign_correspondent_(journalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign correspondent (journalism)">foreign correspondent</a> for <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. He is known for his coverage of <a href="Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin" title="Russia under Vladimir Putin">Russia under Vladimir Putin</a>, <a href="WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> and <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>.

He was based in <a href="Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> for The Guardian from 2007 until, returning from a stay in the UK on 5 February 2011, he was refused re-entry to Russia and deported the same day.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The Guardian said his expulsion was linked with his critical articles on Russia,<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-2">[2]</a> a claim denied by the Russian government. After the reversal of the decision on 9 February and the granting of a short-term <a href="Visa_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">visa</a>, Harding chose not to seek a further visa extension.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-2">[2]</a> His 2011 book <a href="Mafia_State_(book)" title="Mafia State (book)">Mafia State</a> discusses his experience in Russia and the political system under <a href="Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, which he describes as a <a href="Mafia_state" title="Mafia state">mafia state</a>. His subsequent books include <a href="WikiLeaks%3A_Inside_Julian_Assange's_War_on_Secrecy" title="WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy">WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy</a> and <a href="The_Snowden_Files" title="The Snowden Files">The Snowden Files</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2></div>

Harding was educated at the <a href="United_World_College_of_the_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="United World College of the Atlantic">United World College of the Atlantic</a> in South Wales,<a href="#cite_note-uwcac-2021-3">[3]</a> then studied English at <a href="University_College%2C_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College, Oxford</a>. While there he edited the student newspaper <a href="Cherwell_(newspaper)" title="Cherwell (newspaper)">Cherwell</a>. He worked for <a href="The_Sunday_Correspondent" title="The Sunday Correspondent">The Sunday Correspondent</a>, the <a href="The_Argus_(Brighton)" title="The Argus (Brighton)">Evening Argus</a> in Brighton and then the <a href="Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a> before joining The Guardian in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-reutersinstitute-bio-4">[4]</a>

He has lived in and reported from <a href="Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, and <a href="Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, and has covered wars in <a href="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and <a href="Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In 2014 he was the recipient of the James Cameron prize for his work on Russia, <a href="Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>, and <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

In 2007, The Guardian retracted one of his articles for containing text "substantially similar to paragraphs" in another "article, published in May, in <a href="The_eXile" title="The eXile">The eXile</a>".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_expulsion">Russian expulsion</h2></div>

On 5 February 2011, Harding was refused re-entry into Russia. According to Harding, this made him the first foreign journalist to be expelled from Russia since the end of the <a href="Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. The Guardian said his expulsion was linked with his unflattering coverage of Russia, including speculation about <a href="Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s wealth and Putin's knowledge of the London assassination of ex-Russian spy <a href="Alexander_Litvinenko" title="Alexander Litvinenko">Alexander Litvinenko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-2">[2]</a> The director of <a href="Index_on_Censorship" title="Index on Censorship">Index on Censorship</a>, <a href="John_Kampfner" title="John Kampfner">John Kampfner</a>, said: "The Russian government's treatment of Luke Harding is petty and vindictive, and evidence – if more was needed – of the poor state of free expression in that country."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Elsa Vidal, head of the European and Central Asia desk at the media freedom watchdog, was quoted in <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> as saying: "This is a serious and shocking step, unprecedented since the Cold War [...] It's an attempt to force correspondents working for foreign media in Moscow to engage in self-censorship."<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

However, on the following day, Russian Foreign Minister <a href="Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> explained at a press conference that no visa cancellation had taken place and the problem had been caused by the fact that Harding's visa had expired, a statement disputed by Harding due to his visa being valid until May of that year.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> According to Lavrov, Harding had requested an exceptional visa extension until May which was approved. Lavrov also added that Harding had previously broken the rules of his press accreditation by visiting the area of <a href="Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a> operations without informing the relevant security authorities.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

The expulsion preceded a visit to Britain by Lavrov, which led to suggestions from <a href="Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> MP <a href="Chris_Bryant" title="Chris Bryant">Chris Bryant</a> that the British government might rescind Lavrov's invitation.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> On 9 February, Russia reversed the decision not to re-admit him<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-2">[2]</a> although it only granted him a short term visa. Harding chose not to seek a further visa and returned to the UK in February. Harding has said that during his time in Russia he was the subject of largely psychological harassment by the <a href="Federal_Security_Service_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Security Service (Russia)">Federal Security Service</a>, whom he alleges were unhappy at the stories he wrote.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</h2></div>

In 2011, the book <a href="WikiLeaks%3A_Inside_Julian_Assange's_War_on_Secrecy" title="WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy">WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy</a>, written by Harding and <a href="David_Leigh_(journalist)" title="David Leigh (journalist)">David Leigh</a>, was published by Vintage Books in the US and Guardian Faber in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> On 1 September 2011, it was revealed that an encrypted version of WikiLeaks' huge archive of un-redacted <a href="Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak">US State Department cables</a> had been available via <a href="BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a> for months and that the <a href="Key_(cryptography)" title="Key (cryptography)">decryption key</a> had been published by Leigh and Harding in their book.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy was made into a Hollywood film, <a href="The_Fifth_Estate_(film)" title="The Fifth Estate (film)">The Fifth Estate</a> (2013). Wikileaks said that the film was "careful to avoid most criticism of US foreign policy actually revealed by WikiLeaks" and covered "almost none of the evidence WikiLeaks published ... of serious abuses within the US military and the State Department".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edward_Snowden">Edward Snowden</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="The_Snowden_Files" title="The Snowden Files">The Snowden Files</a></div>

Harding's book on <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>, <a href="The_Snowden_Files" title="The Snowden Files">The Snowden Files</a> (2014), was reviewed by <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>'s <a href="Michiko_Kakutani" title="Michiko Kakutani">Michiko Kakutani</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> who observed that it "reads like a le Carré novel crossed with something by Kafka. . A fast-paced, almost novelistic narrative. . .. [The book] gives readers . . a succinct overview of the momentous events of the past year. . . . Leave[s] readers with an acute understanding of the serious issues involved". Additionally, it received positive reviews from several other major publications, including <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> the <a href="London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and the <a href="Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> as well as a mixed review from <a href="The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>'s <a href="David_Blair_(journalist)" title="David Blair (journalist)">David Blair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> It was adapted into a film, <a href="Snowden_(film)" title="Snowden (film)">Snowden</a>, directed by <a href="Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> and starring <a href="Joseph_Gordon-Levitt" title="Joseph Gordon-Levitt">Joseph Gordon-Levitt</a>, released in September 2016.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alexander_Litvinenko">Alexander Litvinenko</h2></div>

In 2016, Harding published A Very Expensive Poison, an account of the <a href="Poisoning_of_Alexander_Litvinenko" title="Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko">murder of the Russian ex-KGB whistle-blower</a> and Putin critic <a href="Alexander_Litvinenko" title="Alexander Litvinenko">Alexander Litvinenko</a>. The book garnered a positive response from reviewers, including from <a href="The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and <a href="London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a>;<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Robert Fox, writing for the <a href="Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a> described it as "one of the best political thrillers [he had] come across in years".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="Lucy_Prebble" title="Lucy Prebble">Lucy Prebble</a> adapted the book for the stage. A production ran at <a href="The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">The Old Vic</a> theatre, London, from August to October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Donald_Trump_and_Russia">Donald Trump and Russia</h2></div>

In November 2017, Harding published Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Donald Trump Win on the subject of <a href="Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a>. The book examines the <a href="Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">dossier</a> by former British spy <a href="Christopher_Steele" title="Christopher Steele">Christopher Steele</a>, and alleges that <a href="Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> was the subject of at least five years of "cultivation" by Soviet/Russian intelligence services prior to his election, and possibly by the <a href="KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> as soon as 1987.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In May 2021, former The New York Times reporter <a href="Barry_Meier" title="Barry Meier">Barry Meier</a> published Spooked: The Trump Dossier, Black Cube, and the Rise of Private Spies, which cited the Steele dossier as a case study in how reporters can be manipulated by private intelligence sources; Meier named Harding and MSNBC's <a href="Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a> as examples.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>

On 27 November 2018, Harding co-authored an anonymously sourced article for The Guardian claiming that <a href="Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> and <a href="Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> met several times at the Ecuadorian embassy in 2013, 2015, and 2016 possibly in relation to the <a href="2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">2016 Democratic National Committee email leak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gdn20181127-33">[33]</a> Manafort and Assange both denied that they had ever met, and Manafort said The Guardian had "proceeded with this story even after being notified by my representatives that it was false".<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-20181127-34">[34]</a> According to <a href="Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a> citing <a href="Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Tommy Vietor</a>, "if Paul Manafort visited Assange at the Embassy, there would be ample amounts of video and other photographic proof demonstrating that this happened. The Guardian provides none of that."<a href="#cite_note-wikileaks-35">[35]</a> No other news organization was able to corroborate the story,<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[36]</a> and according to Paul Farhi of <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, "[T]he Guardian’s bombshell looks as though it could be a dud".<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[36]</a>

In 2020, Luke Harding published the book Shadow State, covering Russian covert operations, from the <a href="Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">poisoning of Sergei Skripal</a> by the <a href="GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a>, to digital influence operations.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Harding describes how, in his view, Trump has made the United States “uniquely vulnerable” to the disinformation techniques employed by the Kremlin. According to David Bond, Harding's Shadow State also "raises fresh questions about the way the UK government has handled claims of <a href="Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">Kremlin interference in Britain’s</a> democratic processes."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>

In July 2021, Harding, <a href="Julian_Borger" title="Julian Borger">Julian Borger</a>, and <a href="Dan_Sabbagh" title="Dan Sabbagh">Dan Sabbagh</a> announced that The Guardian had received a <a href="Kremlin_papers" title="Kremlin papers">document allegedly leaked from the Kremlin</a>. The document, said to have been produced on January 22, 2016, appears to authorize Putin's plan for Russian interference in the 2016 US election on behalf of "mentally unstable" Donald Trump. The document apparently confirms the existence of <a href="Kompromat" title="Kompromat">kompromat</a> on Trump and matches some incidental details already known about Russian interference.<a href="#cite_note-:1-39">[39]</a> According to <a href="Andrei_Soldatov" title="Andrei Soldatov">Andrei Soldatov</a>, the leaked material is "consistent with the procedures of the security services and the security council".<a href="#cite_note-:1-39">[39]</a> Philip Bump of the Washington Post was skeptical of the document's veracity because it was "convenient for generating enthusiasm", contains predictions of destabilization that would have been difficult to make in advance, and because the 2016 document contains discussion of "how Russia might insert 'media viruses' into American public life" when these efforts had in fact been underway since at least 2014.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Experts on Russian disinformation and propaganda encouraged caution.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</h2></div>

Harding published a book about the <a href="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in 2022 called Invasion, covering the first part of the conflict from February until September 2022 and based on Harding's reporting from the frontlines.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div>

<ul><li>The Liar: Fall of Jonathan Aitken, <a href="Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> (1997), co-written with <a href="David_Leigh_(journalist)" title="David Leigh (journalist)">David Leigh</a> and <a href="David_Pallister" title="David Pallister">David Pallister</a>.</li>

<li>WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy, <a href="Guardian_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Books">Guardian Books</a> (2011), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-85265-239-8</bdi>, co-written with <a href="David_Leigh_(journalist)" title="David Leigh (journalist)">David Leigh</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Mafia_State_(book)" title="Mafia State (book)">Mafia State: How One Reporter Became An Enemy Of The Brutal New Russia</a><a href="#endnote_A">a</a>, <a href="Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> (NY, 2011), <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-85265-247-3</bdi>.</li>

<li>Libya: Murder in Benghazi and the Fall of Gaddafi (2012), co-written with Martin Chulov.</li>

<li><a href="The_Snowden_Files" title="The Snowden Files">The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World's Most Wanted Man</a>, <a href="Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a> (NY, 2014), <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0804173520</bdi>.</li>

<li>A Very Expensive Poison: the Definitive Story of the Murder of Litvinenko (2016) Guardian Faber, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1783350933</bdi>.</li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Donald Trump Win. Vintage. 2017. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0525562511</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Shadow State: Murder, Mayhem and Russia's Remaking of the West. Guardian Faber. 2020. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1783352050</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Invasion: The Inside Story of Russia's Bloody War and Ukraine's Fight for Survival. 2022. Vintage Press.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><a href="#ref_A">^a</a> Published in the US as Expelled</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarding2011" class="citation news cs1">Harding, Luke (23 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/23/luke-harding-russia">"Enemy of the state"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 11 May 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Guardian-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2-3">d</a> Sabbagh, Dan (9 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/09/russia-deportation-guardian-journalist">"Russia U-turns over Guardian journalist's deportation"</a>, <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-uwcac-2021-3"><a href="#cite_ref-uwcac-2021_3-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/uwcatlantic/docs/annual_review_2021-2022digs">"Annual Review"</a>. UWC Atlantic College. 2021. p. 20. Retrieved 8 November 2022 – via issuu.com.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-reutersinstitute-bio-4"><a href="#cite_ref-reutersinstitute-bio_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/luke-harding">"Luke Harding"</a>. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. 18 June 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/lukeharding">Luke Harding's contributor page</a>, theguardian.com

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/nov/26/guardian-luke-harding-james-cameron-prize-wikileaks-ukraine-snowden">"Guardian’s Luke Harding wins prestigious James Cameron prize"</a>, "<a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>"

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarding2007" class="citation web cs1">Harding, Luke (2 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jul/02/russia.lukeharding1">"The richer they come ..."</a> The Guardian.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/feb/07/guardian-moscow-correspondent-expelled-from-russia">Guardian's Moscow correspondent expelled from Russia</a>, <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/08/AR2011020803769.html">Russia expels U.K. reporter Luke Harding, who covered corruption</a>, <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1">Twitter <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/lukeharding1968/status/737282233447415808">https://twitter.com/lukeharding1968/status/737282233447415808</a>. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (help)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ria.ru/media/20110208/331950001.html">"Лавров: Люк Хардинг неоднократно нарушал правила аккредитации в России"</a>. РИА Новости. 8 February 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/russia-visit-guardian-journalist-expelled">Call to halt Russian foreign minister's visit after Guardian journalist expelled</a>, The Guardian

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLuke_Harding2011" class="citation news cs1">Luke Harding (23 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/23/luke-harding-russia">"Enemy of the state"</a>. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 September 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/review-wikileaks-inside-julian-assanges-war-on-secrecy-by-david-leigh-and-luke-harding-26715172.html">"Review: Wikileaks: Inside Julian Assange's War On Secrecy by David Leigh and Luke Harding"</a>, The Independent (Eire), 18 November 2011

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBall2011" class="citation news cs1">Ball, James (1 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/sep/01/wikileaks-prepares-unredacted-us-cables">"WikiLeaks prepares to release unredacted US cables Media guardian.co.uk"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130212090525/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/sep/01/wikileaks-prepares-unredacted-us-cables">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2013.</cite>. Guardian. Retrieved 5 September 2011.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFStöcker2011" class="citation news cs1">Stöcker, Christian (September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,783778,00.html">"Leak at WikiLeaks: A Dispatch Disaster in Six Acts – SPIEGEL ONLINE – News – International"</a>. Der Spiegel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104230036/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,783778,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2011.</cite>. Spiegel.de. Retrieved 5 September 2011.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9news.com.au/world/us-pondered-poisoning-assange-court-told/919d931e-f6cf-4974-aa8c-6bcfcf9a51a8">"WikiLeaks password 'leaked by journalists' - 9News"</a>. www.9news.com.au. AAP. 25 February 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRobertson2013" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Adi (19 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/19/4747994/wikileaks-leaks-fifth-estate-script-calls-it-irresponsible">"WikiLeaks leaks 'Fifth Estate' script, calls it 'irresponsible, counterproductive, and harmful'"</a>. The Verge. Retrieved 17 November 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/05/books/the-snowden-files-by-luke-harding.html?_r=1">"The Needles in the Monumental N.S.A. Haystack ‘The Snowden Files,’ by Luke Harding"</a> <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRunciman2014" class="citation web cs1">Runciman, David (13 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/13/snowden-files-luke-harding-review">"The Snowden Files by Luke Harding – review"</a>. the Guardian.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n04/daniel-soar/incendiary-devices">Daniel Soar reviews ‘The Snowden Files’ by Luke Harding · LRB 20 February 2014</a> – '<a href="The_London_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Review of Books">The London Review of Books</a>'

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-snowden-files-the-inside-story-of-the-worlds-most-wanted-man-by-luke-harding/2014/02/14/60df3c66-934f-11e3-84e1-27626c5ef5fb_story.html">"Opinions ‘The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World’s Most Wanted Man’ by Luke Harding"</a> <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBlair2014" class="citation web cs1">Blair, David (11 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/10628503/The-Snowden-Files-by-Luke-Harding-review.html">"The Snowden Files by Luke Harding, review"</a>. The Telegraph.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectator.co.uk/2016/03/the-litvinenko-case-mayfair-murder-most-foul/">"The Litvinenko case: Mayfair murder most foul – The Spectator"</a>. The Spectator. 26 March 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBullough2016" class="citation news cs1">Bullough, Oliver (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/mar/29/a-very-expensive-poison-by-luke-harding-review-definitive">"A Very Expensive Poison review – definitive account of Litvinenko murder"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBurleigh2016" class="citation news cs1">Burleigh, Michael (19 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/culture/article/a-very-expensive-poison-by-luke-harding-w9jg6rh82">"A Very Expensive Poison by Luke Harding"</a>. The Times.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPomerantsev2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pomerantsev, Peter (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v38/n07/peter-pomerantsev/murder-in-mayfair">"Murder in Mayfair"</a>. London Review of Books. 38 (7): 3–6.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFox2016" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Robert (10 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/a-very-expensive-poison-the-definitive-story-of-the-murder-of-litvinenko-and-russia-s-war-with-the-west-by-luke-harding-review-a3200626.html">"A Very Expensive Poison by Luke Harding - review"</a>. www.standard.co.uk.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFThorpe2018" class="citation news cs1">Thorpe, Vanessa (29 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/29/alexander-litvinenko-murder-adapted-for-stage-lucy-prebble-luke-harding">"Spies, assassins and strip clubs: death of Alexander Litvinenko adapted for stage"</a>. The Observer – via www.theguardian.com.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarding2017" class="citation web cs1">Harding, Luke (15 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/15/how-trump-walked-into-putins-web-luke">"How Trump walked into Putin's web"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 15 November 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarding2017" class="citation book cs1">Harding, Luke (2017). Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Donald Trump Win. Vintage. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0525562511</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFrank2021" class="citation web cs1">Frank, T.A. (14 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/07/steele-dossier-was-case-study-in-journalistic-manipulation.html">"'The Steele Dossier Was a Case Study in How Reporters Get Manipulated'"</a>. <a href="New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Gdn20181127-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Gdn20181127_33-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHardingCollyns2018" class="citation news cs1">Harding, Luke; Collyns, Dan (27 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127143814/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/27/manafort-held-secret-talks-with-assange-in-ecuadorian-embassy">"Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/27/manafort-held-secret-talks-with-assange-in-ecuadorian-embassy">the original</a> on 27 November 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-vanityfair-20181127-34"><a href="#cite_ref-vanityfair-20181127_34-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPompeo2018" class="citation news cs1">Pompeo, Joe (27 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/11/the-guardian-paul-manafort-julian-assange">""It Might Be the Biggest Get This Year": How The Guardian's Bombshell Set Off Its Own Little Media World War"</a>. <a href="Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wikileaks-35"><a href="#cite_ref-wikileaks_35-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGreenwald2018" class="citation news cs1">Greenwald, Glenn (27 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2018/11/27/it-is-possible-paul-manafort-visited-julian-assange-if-true-there-should-be-ample-video-and-other-evidence-showing-this/">"It Is Possible Paul Manafort Visited Julian Assange. If True, There Should Be Ample Video and Other Evidence Showing This"</a>. The Intercept.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFPaul_Farhi2018" class="citation news cs1">Paul Farhi (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-guardian-offered-a-bombshell-story-about-paul-manafort-it-still-hasnt-detonated/2018/12/03/60e38182-f71c-11e8-863c-9e2f864d47e7_story.html">"The Guardian offered a bombshell story about Paul Manafort. It still hasn't detonated"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jul/05/shadow-state-by-luke-harding-review-putins-poisonous-path-to-victory">"Shadow State by Luke Harding review – Putin's poisonous path to victory"</a>. the Guardian. 5 July 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBond2020" class="citation news cs1">Bond, David (16 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/69c09ad5-3114-40c5-b6d5-b48bb2545bf0">"Shadow State by Luke Harding — the long hand of the Kremlin"</a>. Financial Times. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_39-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFHardingBorgerSabbagh2021" class="citation web cs1">Harding, Luke; Borger, Julian; Sabbagh, Dan (15 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/15/kremlin-papers-appear-to-show-putins-plot-to-put-trump-in-white-house">"Kremlin papers appear to show Putin's plot to put Trump in White House"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBump2021" class="citation news cs1">Bump, Philip (15 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/15/blockbuster-document-purportedly-kremlin-raises-lots-questions-about-itself/">"A blockbuster document purportedly from the Kremlin raises lots of questions — about itself"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFThalen2021" class="citation web cs1">Thalen, Mikael (15 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/debug/experts-skeptical-kremlin-papers/">"Disinformation experts raise questions over leak 'proving' Putin helped Trump in 2016"</a>. The Daily Dot.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> "Invasion: The Inside Story of Russia's Bloody War and Ukraine's Fight for Survival". 2022. Vintage Press.

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/lukeharding1968">Luke Harding</a> on <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> </li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4816469/">Luke Harding</a> at <a href="IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/lukeharding">Column archives</a> at <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalisted.com/luke-harding">Article archive</a> at <a href="Journalisted" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalisted">Journalisted</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6702023#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2933" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6702023#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2933" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119492023">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/43790643">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1914028">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqK7wVKtCx9DDwcrdwcT3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1019156252">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb97070380">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165099653">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165099653">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01224078">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49788709">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0206530&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1477002">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p333610903">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11043684">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000333383&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000624296&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201110668">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810662397405606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007448823005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058526084606706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14340350">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/1019156252.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1019156252">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/151791104">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/bd80eaa4-8c7c-48d6-8642-6b08bb33d02c">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Luke_Harding&oldid=1302838498">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>